The word "threaded" (nematoda or nematelminthes) came from the Greek word "thread" (thread or threadworms). Nematodes are tiny organisms hidden in the soil that can cause significant damage to crops. They are parasites and are based on the preservation of the plant

Thrips are small, elongated insects with two pairs of narrow wings and a large number of long hairs around the perimeter. They belong to the order of Thysanoptera. They are polyphagous insects and infect flowers, fruits, vines and vegetables. The most common infections are in squash (mainly squash)

Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller) belongs to the cactus family (Cactaceae) which includes over 300 species. It comes from Mexico. It was brought to Europe by the Spanish in 1523 and spread very quickly in the Mediterranean countries due to the